Staghorn Sumac

Staghorn sumac, scientifically known as Rhus typhina, is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to eastern North America. Here's an overview of the staghorn sumac:

1. Appearance: Staghorn sumac is known for its distinctive appearance. It typically grows 15 to 25 feet (4.5 to 7.5 meters) tall, although it can sometimes reach heights of up to 35 feet (10.5 meters). The name "staghorn" refers to the fuzzy, velvety texture of the young branchlets and twigs, which resemble the antlers of a stag.

2. Leaves: The leaves are alternate, compound, and pinnately divided into 11 to 31 toothed leaflets. They are green during the growing season and turn vibrant shades of orange, red, and purple in the fall, creating a striking display.

3. Flowers: Staghorn sumac produces dense clusters of greenish-yellow flowers in late spring to early summer. The flowers are small and inconspicuous but are attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

4. Fruit: The fruit of staghorn sumac is a dense, crimson-red cluster of drupes (berries), each containing a single seed. These clusters, called "sumac bobs" or "drupes," persist through the fall and into winter, adding visual interest to the landscape. They are not edible in the same way as some other sumac species (e.g., Rhus coriaria used for spice).

5. Habitat: Staghorn sumac is adaptable to a wide range of soil types and moisture conditions. It is commonly found in open woods, woodland edges, fields, and along roadsides. It is tolerant of poor soils and can thrive in disturbed areas.

6. Wildlife Benefits: The fruit clusters of staghorn sumac are an important food source for wildlife, including birds such as songbirds and game birds. The dense foliage provides cover and nesting sites.

7. Cultural Uses: Historically, indigenous peoples used various parts of staghorn sumac for medicinal purposes and as a dye plant. The bark and roots were used to make teas or infusions believed to treat ailments such as sore throats and fevers. The fruit clusters were also used to make a refreshing beverage.

8. Landscaping: Staghorn sumac is valued in landscaping for its ornamental qualities, including its attractive foliage, colorful fall display, and persistent fruit clusters. It is often planted for erosion control on slopes or as a naturalistic element in gardens and naturalized areas.

9. Maintenance: Staghorn sumac is relatively low-maintenance once established. It can spread by suckering, so it may require occasional pruning to maintain its desired shape and prevent it from becoming too dense.

In summary, staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) is a versatile and attractive native shrub/tree known for its fuzzy branchlets, compound leaves, vibrant fall colors, and persistent fruit clusters that provide food and shelter for wildlife. It is a valuable addition to naturalistic landscapes and wildlife gardens.